Sleep apnoea is diagnosed by performing overnight sleep studies (polysomnography).
The cornerstone of treatment is weight loss; a loss of 10% of body weight is associated with a 50% reduction in the severity of sleep apnoea. Sufferers should avoid coffee, cut down on alcoholic drinks and avoid sleeping pills, which might exacerbate apnoeic episodes. Patients who have difficulty losing weight will usually benefit from continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP), in which a mask is worn over the nose during sleep to force air, under pressure, through the nasal passages and overcome any airway obstruction.
Mechanical and dental devices used to manipulate the airway have limited success. Surgical procedures such as uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, which removes the bulk of the tissue from the back of the throat, have been shown to be of value in some patients but the considerable operative and postoperative risk, coupled with the uncertainty of success, make losing weight a far more desirable method.
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