Cancer, when it has become established in any tissue, spreads in various ways. The process by which it spreads is known as Metastasis, in medical parlance. The cancer cells multiply at the site of their origin and form a tumour mass, which may grow gradually and ultimately attain an enormous size. The cells may also penetrate into the surrounding tissues, and gradually destroy them. Some of the cancer cells which are loosely attached to one another may get detached and be carried by the lymph stream to the regional lymph nodes and later, to the distant organs. There, they grow independently, multiply and reproduce the original growth.
In rare cases, they spread by invading the bloodstream and setting up secondary growth in bones, lungs and particularly, the liver. For instance, cancers of the intestines especially spread to the liver through the portal system of vessels. Cancers arising in the brain do not metastasize, but cancers arising elsewhere metastasize to the brain.
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