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ETHNOMEDICIIMAL PLANTS USED BY KAWAR TRIBE OF GADCHIROLI DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA STATE, INDIA: RESULTS

08th March 2011

Lesser Known and Novel Ethnomedicinal plants Used by Kawar
Tribe
The present enumeration include family, botanical name, local name and herbarium collection number. Uses are supplemented with phytochemical and pharmacological data.

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Pergularia daemia (Forst) Chiov., Dudvel, 937.

Root extract mixed with cow milk is used as purgative. The leaf juice is valued as an expectorant. The fruit decoction is considered as antipyretic.

Plant contain bitter resins, glucosides and alkaloids. The glucoside possess physiological action on uterus similar to pituitrin and several sterols.
ASTERACEAE

Blumea eriantha DC., Dhanota, 2003

Herb boiled in water and warm water bath is prescribed for rheumatism and inflammations.

Ruangrungsi et al. isolated two new flavonoids from B. baalsamifera.

BORAGINACEAE

Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br., Bhooipala, 944.

One cup extract taken internally to cure skin diseases. It is applied on skin infections.

Incanine, Incanine-N-Oxide, Nikanine, Nikanine-N-Oxide, Supinine, Trichodesmine, Trichodesmine-N-Oxide alkaloids present. Hexacosane, Et-hexacosonate and 21,24-hexacosadi-enoic acid isolated.

COMBRETACEAE

Combretum ovalifolium Roxb., Madvel, 865.

Terminal panicle crushed and applied as a local antiseptic and antibiotic.

Cyanogenic glycosides, Saponins, Tannins, Alkaloids and Amines are present in different species of Combretum.
CELASTERACEAE

Celastrus paniculatus Willd., Peng, 4267.

Decoction of fruit taken internally to cure tuberculosis.

Sesquiterpene Ester, Alkaloids – Celpanin, Celapanigin, Celapigin present.

ERIOCAULACEAE

Eriocaulon quinquangulare L, Pungare, 3461.

One cup decoction of entire plant is prescribed three days after the menstrual cycle to cure sterility in female even if it persists after cycle.

Species of Eriocaulon contains 6-Hydroxy Flavonols, Quercetagetin, Patuletin, Quercetin, P-coumaric acid, Sinapic acid, ferulic acid and tannins.

FABACEAE

Desmodium velutinum (Willd.) DC, Dayampurka, 767.

Decoction of plant taken internally to cure abdominal troubles like diarrhoea, dysentery and stomach ache.

Tryptamine, Bufotenine, Gramine alkaloids present. a5 sterols isolated by Behari and Varshney. Isoflavones – Genistein, 2′-hydroxygenistein, dalber-gioidin, diphysolone, kievitone, phytoalexin and antifungal isoflavonoid Democarpin I (-)-(6aR; 11aR)-1, 9-dihydroxy-3methoxy-pterocarpin isolated from Desmodium gangeticum by Ingham and Dewick, 7-methyl ether of Apigenin-6-C-Glucoside isolated from D. caudatum.

LAMIACEAE

Pogostemon plectranthoides Desf., Bintalakeri, 7856.

Dried powder of this aromatic herb mixed with stem bark powder of Ailanthus excelsa. It is used as a narcotic snuff.

Cinnamic Aldehyde, Sesquiterpenes of Guianolide group and essential oils present in the species of Pogostemon.

Alkaloids were isolated from A. excelsa by Cordell et al. Bark contain c25H3408 1:2-deoxy-13-Formyl dianthinol and B-sitosterol. Antimicrobial activity is reported.

LYTHRACEAE

Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz., Lalzilbooli, 2248.

Root extract mixed with jaggery, pellets are prepared and given to cure leucorrhoea.

Octacosanol, IS-sitosterol, Chrysophanol-8-O-B-D-glu-copyranoside isolated from flowers (Chauhan eta/., 1979). Novel C-glycoside of gallic acid called Norbergenin present. Leaves yield Lupeol, S-sitosterol, betu-lin, urosolic acid.

MORACEAE

Bark boiled with the herb (Tenagocharis latifolia). The mixture is given in cough and asthma.

F. religiosa is a sacred plant of Hindus. Detailed phytochemical and pharmacological work has been done on this plant. Chemical analysis reveals the presence of Phytosterols, Saponins, Sapogenins. Parasympatholytic activity present in the plant.

POLYGONACEAE

Polygonum plebejum R.Br., Mangalgota, 783.

Extract given to man for 21 days to cure sterility. The causes of sterility was not specified by the tribals.

Polygonum species contain Raphides (Ca-oxalate), Cyanogenic glycosides, Leucoanthocyanins, Saponins, Qui-nones, Vitexin, 3′-hydroxy-resveratorol-3-glucoside, Flavones, 5C-glycosyl compounds, Orientin, Iso-orientin, Saponaritin, Flavonols, Kaemferols, Quercetin-3-B-L-arabinos”ide, Isoamyla-mine, Protocatechunic acid, Rhapontigenin reported. Antitumor and antimicrobial evaluation of P. densif/o-rum, P. hydropiperosides, P. lapathifolium, P. saggittatum, P. scandens are reported by Fransworth et al. Hydropipe-roside, a novel coumaryl glycoside and an unidentified b-lactone was reported from P. hydropiper. P. lapthifolium is effective against Staphylococcous aureus.

SOLANACEAE

Physalis minima L, Pophati, 3292.

Fruits are edible as vegetable. The plant extract fried with a copper piece to lessen constipation.

Alkaloids, Withaphysalin A,B,C and Flavonoids isolated by Raffauf, Glotter et ah., Ser.

STERCULIA CEAE

Helicteres isora L, Muradseng, 982

Fruits extract given to children in stomach ache and colic pain.

Diosgenin isolated by Barik et al. Esters-Tetratracontanyl and tetracontanoate reported. Tannins and mucilage present.

TAMARICACEAE

Tamarix eriocoides Rottel., Sonafar, 4643.

Extract given to women suffering from veneral diseases (gonorrhoea in particular).

Gypsum, Tannins, Coumarins, Flavonols isolated from various species of Tamarix. Polyphenols present in T. troupii & T aphylla. The Manna of Bedouins a pharmaceutical product is isolated from T.

VERBENA CEAE

Vitex negundo L., Nirgudi, 4361.
Plant parts (leaves, stem, peduncles, etc.) boiled in water and the decoction is prescribed for arthritis, inflammation and rheumatic pain. For Bronchitis the decoction js taken at frequent intervals.

Flavonoids, Flavone, Iridoid, Glucoside, Furanoeremophi-lane isolited. The bronchial relaxing effect was reported by Dayrit et al. In British pharmacopeia the plart is used as stimulant and diuretic.

VISCACEAE

Viscum articulatum Burm., Bandha, 1574.

Extract is given to cure peptic tumour/ulcer.

Ethylamine, b-phenyl, Tyramine – alkaloids present. Tanninsl Cyclitols, D-pinitols, DL-inositol, Myoinositol, L-que-brachito-b-phenyl-ethylamine, Lupeol, Acetylcholine, Propionyl choline isolated from Viscum album. 2′-Hydroxy’4′, 6′-di-methoxy-chalcone-4-glucoside isolated in V. album. This species possess lecitms action on human erythrocytes. It has hyqtensive and depresant activity.
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