The commonest gastrointestinal diseases in India are diarrhea primarily due to infection or food poisoning. Other diseases could be that of large bowel, stomach, oesophagus, liver or pancreas. However, in developed countries cancer is the principal cause of gut-related deaths, the commonest being that of large bowel (colon) and rectum. Diet has been implicated in the occurrence of these cancers, without being much of use in the treatment.
All gastrointestinal diseases are not fatal, however all have significant effect on the poor health of subjects directly.
Common gastrointestinal diseases are:
1. Vomiting and acute diarrhea
2. Dyspepsia
3. Constipation
4. Gall stones
5. Appendicitis
6. Malabsorption and celiac disease
7. Diverticulosis
8. Pancreatitis
9. Liver diseases.

Acute gastrointestinal conditions
Diet has a major role to play in vomiting and acute diarrhea. It needs replacement of fluids and electrolytes. Oral rehydration fluid which consists of sugar, salt, lemon and water is recommended to replace fluid. Other fluids like coconut water, buttermilk, soups and cold drinks are recommended along with semi-solid, low residue bland diet.
The most frequently used dietary pattern in acute gastrointestinal conditions is the 4-hourly feeding of cold milk, with 6-meal progressive diet from full liquid to semi-solid.

Chronic and Non-acute Disorders of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Frequent feedings are important in the case of chronic disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract where gastric acidity is a factor. Patients feel more comfortable with less spices and bland food. A soft, low-fibre diet is suitable for all non-acute disorders of gastrointestinal tract.
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